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CONSTITUTION OF CHUVASH REPUBLIC |
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The only authentic text is the text in the state languages of Chuvash Republic – Chuvash and Russian. THE CONSTITUTION OF CHUVASH REPUBLIC Adopted by the National Council of Chuvash Republic on November 30, 2000. With changes and additions approved by the Law of Chuvash Republic on March 27, 2003, No.5. The National Council of Chuvash Republic, testifying respect for the centuries-old history of the Chuvash people, keeping the originality of the peoples living on the territory of Chuvash Republic, recognizing Chuvash Republic as a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, realizing the historical generality of the peoples of the Russian Federation, striving to ensure the well-being and prosperity of the Fatherland, establishing human rights and freedoms, civil peace and accord, proceeding from the conventional principles of equality and self-determination of peoples, taking into account the high responsibility to the people, does hereby adopt the CONSTITUTION OF CHUVASH REPUBLIC. Chapter 1. The Basis of the Constitutional System of Chuvash Republic Article 1 1. Chuvash Republic - Chuvashia is a republic (state) in the structure of the Russian Federation. 2. The names Chuvash Republic and Chuvashia are equivalent. Article 2 Man, his rights and freedoms shall be the supreme value. Human and civil rights and freedoms shall be recognized and guaranteed in Chuvash Republic according to the conventional principles and norms of international law, the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic. Article 3 1. The power in Chuvash Republic shall belong to the people. 2. The people shall exercise its power directly, as well as through state government bodies and local government bodies. The supreme direct expression of the power of the people shall be referendum and free elections. 3. The state government bodies of Chuvash Republic shall ensure exercising of the rights of the citizens on participation in the management of state affairs both directly, and through their representatives, shall guarantee duly appointment of the date of elections to state government bodies of Chuvash Republic and local government bodies, periodic realization of these elections. 4. The state power in Chuvash Republic shall be based on the following principles: 1) State and territorial entirety of the Russian Federation; 2) Extension of sovereignty of the Russian Federation on its entire territory; 3) Supremacy of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws on the entire territory of Chuvash Republic; 4) Supremacy of the law in formation of state government bodies and its realization; 5) Division of the state power into legislative, executive, judicial branches and their interaction for ensuring balance of powers, exception of concentration of all powers or their greater part in the jurisdiction of one state power body or an official; 6) Differentiation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers between state power bodies of the Russian Federation and state power bodies of Chuvash Republic according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation; 7) Independent realization of powers by state power bodies of Chuvash Republic; 8) Independent realization of the powers by local government bodies; 9) Nation-wide election of the highest official of Chuvash Republic – the President of Chuvash Republic; 10) Election of the legislative (representative) body of state power of the republic - the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 11) Liability of the state, its bodies and officials according to the law. 5. The state power in Chuvash Republic shall be exercised by the President of Chuvash Republic, the National Council of Chuvash Republic, the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, by courts. 6. The powers of state power bodies of Chuvash Republic shall be established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, by laws of Chuvash Republic and may be changed only by making corresponding amendments into the Constitution of the Russian Federation or revising its regulations, by adopting new federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic or by making corresponding alterations and additions to the specified acts in force. 7. Any illegal usurpation of powers shall be prosecuted by the law. Article 4 In Chuvash Republic private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership, the freedom of economic activity, free flow of goods, services and financial resources shall be recognized and shall be protected on an equal basis, support of competition shall be guaranteed. Article 5 1. Land, mineral resources, water and other natural resources shall be utilized and protected on the territory of Chuvash Republic as the basis of life and activity of the people of Chuvash Republic according to the federal legislation and legislation of Chuvash Republic within the limits of its powers. 2. Land and other natural resources may be subject to private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership. Article 6 1. Chuvash Republic shall bear responsibility for preservation and development of culture of the Chuvash people and promote development of culture of all peoples living in the republic. 2. Ideological diversity and multi-party system shall be recognized in Chuvash Republic. 3. Public associations shall be equal before the law. 4. Religious associations shall be separated from the state and shall be equal before the law. Article 7 The activity of the state shall be directed at creation of conditions ensuring worthy life and the free development of man, national well-being, availability of the basic material and spiritual boons. Article 8 The state languages of Chuvash Republic shall be the Chuvash and Russian languages. Article 9 Local government shall be guaranteed in Chuvash Republic. Local government bodies shall not be included into the system of state power bodies and shall solve issues of local significance independently within the limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic. Article 10 The Constitution of Chuvash Republic beyond the limits of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and powers of the Russian Federation in subjects of joint jurisdiction the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic shall have supreme legal force, direct effect and shall be applicable on the entire territory of Chuvash Republic. Article 11 1. Laws and other normative legal acts adopted in Chuvash Republic must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, as well as federal laws adopted on subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation or on subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic. 2. Laws must be officially published. Unpublished laws shall not have force. Any normative legal acts concerning human and civil rights, freedoms and obligations shall not have force unless they have been officially published for the information of the general public. Article 12 Chuvash Republic within the limits of powers granted by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal legislation and agreements between the state power bodies of the Russian Federation and the state power bodies of Chuvash Republic shall carry out international and foreign economic relations, shall participate in the activity of international organizations. Article 13 The provisions of the present chapter shall constitute the fundamental principles of the constitutional order of Chuvash Republic. No other provisions of other chapters of the present Constitution may contradict the fundamental principles of the constitutional order of Chuvash Republic. Chapter 2. Protection of Human and Civil Rights and Freedoms Article 14 1. In Chuvash Republic all human and civil rights and freedoms established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall be recognized and guaranteed, and shall be observed and protected. 2. Each citizen of the Russian Federation residing on the territory of Chuvash Republic shall have all rights and freedoms and bear equal responsibilities specified by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic. 3. Laws and other normative legal acts abrogating or diminishing human and civil rights and freedoms must not be issued in Chuvash Republic. Article 15 1. Basic human rights and freedoms shall be inalienable and shall be enjoyed by everyone from birth. 2. The exercise of human and civil rights and freedoms must not violate the rights and freedoms of other people. Article 16 Human and civil rights and freedoms shall have direct force. They shall determine the meaning, content and implementation of laws, the functioning of legislative and executive authority, and of local government and shall be guaranteed by law. Article 17 1. All persons shall be equal before the law and court. 2. Chuvash Republic shall guarantee the equality of human and civil rights and freedoms regardless of sex, race, nationality, language, origin, material and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, convictions, membership of public associations, or of other circumstances. Any forms of limitations of human rights on social, racial, national, language or religious grounds shall be prohibited. 3. Men and women shall enjoy equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities to exercise them. Article 18 1. Everyone shall have the right to life. 2. Human dignity shall be protected by the state. Nothing may serve as a basis for its derogation. 3. Nobody should be subjected to torture, violence, or other severe or humiliating treatment or punishment. Nobody may be subjected to medical, scientific or other experiments without voluntary consent. Article 19 1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom and personal immunity. 2. Arrest, detention and keeping in custody shall be permissible only under a court order. A person may not be detained for more than 48 hours without a court order. Article 20 1. Everyone shall have the right to inviolability of his/ her private life, personal and family privacy, and protection of his/ her honor and dignity. 2. Everyone shall have the right to privacy of correspondence, of telephone conversations and of postal, telegraphic and other information. This right may be limited only on the basis of a court order. Article 21 1. No information about the private life of a person shall be collected, used and disseminated without his/ her consent. 2. State government bodies and local government bodies and their officials shall be obliged to provide everyone with access to documents and materials directly affecting his/ her rights and freedoms, unless otherwise envisaged by law. Article 22 The home shall be inviolable. Nobody shall have the right to enter a dwelling place against the will of those residing therein, except in those cases provided for by federal laws or on the basis of a court order. Article 23 1. Everyone shall have the right to determine and to declare his/ her nationality. Nobody shall be forced to determine and declare his/ her nationality. 2. Everyone shall have the right to use his/ her native language and to a free choice of the language of communication, upbringing, education and creative work. Article 24 Everyone who is legally present on the territory of Chuvash Republic shall have the right to travel freely and freely to choose his/ her place of temporary or permanent residence according to the federal law. Article 25 Everyone shall be guaranteed freedom of conscience and religion, including the right to profess individually or collectively any religion or not to profess any religion, and freely to choose, possess and disseminate religious and other convictions and act according to them. Article 26 1. Everyone shall be guaranteed freedom of thought and speech. 2. Propaganda or agitation, which arouses social, racial, national or religious hatred and hostility, shall not be allowed. Propaganda of war, of social, racial, national, and religious or language supremacy shall be prohibited. 3. Nobody shall be forced to express his/ her thoughts and convictions or to renounce them. 4. Everyone shall have the right freely to seek, to receive, to transmit, to produce and to disseminate information by any legal means. 5. Freedom of the mass media shall be guaranteed. Censorship shall be prohibited. Article 27 1. Everyone shall have the right to association, including the right to create trade unions for the protection of his/ her interests. Freedom of activity of public associations shall be guaranteed. 2. Nobody may be forced to join any association or stay there. Article 28 Citizens of the Russian Federation on the territory of Chuvash Republic shall have the right to assemble peacefully, without weapons, hold rallies, mass meetings and demonstrations, marches and pickets. Article 29 1. Citizens of the Russian Federation on the territory of Chuvash Republic shall have the right to participate in managing state affairs both directly and through their representatives. 2. Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to elect and be elected to state government bodies and local government bodies, as well as to participate in referendums. 3. Citizens who are recognized as incapable by court, and citizens who are kept in places of imprisonment under court sentence, shall not have the right to elect and be elected. 4. Citizens of the Russian Federation on the territory of Chuvash Republic shall enjoy equal access to state service. 5. Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to participate in administering justice. Article 30 Citizens of the Russian Federation on the territory of Chuvash Republic shall have the right to appeal in person and make individual and collective appeals to state bodies and local government bodies. Article 31 1. Everyone shall have the right to use freely his/ her abilities and property for entrepreneurship and other economic activity not prohibited by law. 2. Economic activity aimed at monopolization and unfair competition shall not be permitted. Article 32 1. The right to have private property shall be protected by law. 2. Everyone shall have the right to have property in possession, to own, to use and to dispose of it both alone and together with other persons. 3. Nobody may be deprived of the property unless under court order. Forced alienation of property for state needs may be made only on condition of preliminary and equivalent compensation. 4. The right to succession shall be guaranteed. Article 33 1. Citizens and their associations shall have the right to possess land as private property. 2. The rights to possess, to use and to dispose of land and other natural resources may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary to protect the fundamental principles of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other persons, security of the state. Article 34 1. Labour shall be free. Everyone shall have the right freely to use his/ her labour skills and to choose the type of activity and occupation. 2. Forced labour shall be forbidden. 3. Everyone shall have the right to work in conditions that meet safety and hygiene requirements, and to receive remuneration for labour without any discrimination whatsoever and not below the minimum wage established by federal law, as well as the right to protection against unemployment. The state power bodies of Chuvash Republic and local government bodies take measures on preservation and creation of new workplaces, creation of conditions for realization of the right to work. 4. The right to individual and collective labour disputes with the use of the methods for their resolution, which are provided for by federal law, including the right to strike, shall be recognized. 5. Everyone shall have the right to rest. For those working under labour contracts the duration of work time, days off and public holidays and annual paid leave established by federal law shall be guaranteed. Article 35 1. Maternity, childhood, and family shall be protected by the state. 2. Taking care of children and their upbringing shall be the equal right and duty of parents. 3. Able-bodied children over 18 years of age must take care of their disabled parents. Article 36 1. Everyone shall be guaranteed social security for old age, in case of illness, disability, and loss of the breadwinner, for upbringing of children and in other cases specified by law. 2. State pensions and social benefits shall be established by law. 3. Voluntary social insurance, the creation of additional forms of social security and charity shall be encouraged. Article 37 1. Everyone shall have the right to have a home. Nobody may be arbitrarily deprived of his/ her home. 2. State government bodies and local government bodies shall promote housing construction and create conditions for exercising the right to have a home. 3. Low-income citizens and other citizens mentioned in law who are in need of a home may receive it either free-of-charge or for an affordable payment from state, municipal and other housing funds according to the norms established by law. Article 38 1. Everyone shall have the right to health protection and medical care. 2. The state shall guarantee free-of-charge medical care in state and municipal health care facilities at the expense of relevant budget, insurance payments and other proceeds. 3. In Chuvash Republic the republican programs for the protection and improvement of the health of the population shall be financed, measures shall be taken to develop state, municipal, and private health-care systems, and activities shall be encouraged which contribute to the improvement of human health, the development of physical education and sport, and ecological, sanitary and epidemiological well-being. 4. The concealment by officials of facts and circumstances posing threat to life and health of people shall result in liability according to federal law. Article 39 Everyone shall have the right to a favorable environment, reliable information on the state of the environment and compensation for damage caused to his/ her health or property by violation of ecological laws. Article 40 1. Everyone shall have the right to education. 2. General access to free pre-school, secondary (complete) general, primary and secondary vocational training in state or municipal educational institutions and at enterprises, shall be guaranteed. 3. Everyone shall have the right to receive on a competitive basis free higher education in state or municipal educational institution and at enterprises. 4. Basic general education shall be compulsory. Parents or guardians shall ensure that children receive a basic general education. 5. Chuvash Republic shall support various forms of education and self-education. Article 41 1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the freedom of literary, artistic, scientific, technical and other types of creative activity, and teaching. Intellectual property shall be protected by law. 2. Everyone shall have the right to participate in cultural life and use of cultural establishments, and the right of access to cultural values. 3. Chuvash Republic shall ensure the creation of equal conditions for preservation and development of culture of all peoples living in it, as well as shall assist in ensuring the national-cultural and educational needs of the citizens of Chuvash nationality living beyond the borders of Chuvash Republic. 4. Everyone shall be obliged to care for the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage, and to protect monuments of history and culture. Article 42 1. State protection of human and civil rights and freedoms in Chuvash Republic shall be guaranteed. 2. Everyone shall have the right to protect his/ her rights and freedoms by all means not prohibited by law. Article 43 1. Everyone shall be guaranteed legal protection of his/ her rights and freedoms. 2. Decisions and actions (or inaction) of state government bodies, local government bodies, public organizations and officials may be appealed against in court. 3. Everyone shall have the right according to international treaties of the Russian Federation to appeal to interstate bodies for the protection of human rights and freedoms, if all available internal means of legal protection have been exhausted. Article 44 Nobody may be deprived of the right to have his/ her case heard in the court and by the judge within whose competence the case is placed by law. Article 45 1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to receive qualified legal assistance. In the cases stipulated by law, the legal assistance shall be provided free of charge. 2. Any person detained, taken into custody or accused of committing a crime shall have the right to use the assistance of a lawyer (defence counsel) from the moment of being detained, placed in custody or arraigned. Article 46 1. Any person accused of committing a crime shall be considered innocent until his/ her guilt is proven according to the procedure stipulated by federal law and is confirmed by a court sentence which has entered into legal force. 2. The accused shall not be obliged to prove his/ her innocence. 3. Irremovable doubts as to the guilt of a person shall be interpreted in favor of the accused. Article 47 1. Nobody may be twice convicted for one and the same crime. 2. In administering justice it shall not be permitted to use evidence received through violating federal law. 3. Any person convicted of a crime shall have the right to appeal against the sentence to a higher court according to the procedure established by federal law, and also the right to appeal for pardon or mitigation of the punishment. Article 48 Nobody shall be obliged to testify against himself/ herself, his/ her spouse and close relatives, the range of whom shall be determined by federal law. Article 49 Law shall protect the rights of victims of crimes and power abuse. The state shall provide the victims with access to justice and compensation for damage sustained. Article 50 Everyone shall have the right to state compensation for damage caused by unlawful actions (or inaction) of state government bodies or their officials. Article 51 1. A law establishing or increasing liability shall not have retroactive force. 2. Nobody may bear liability for an action, which was not regarded as an offence when it was being committed. If, for the offence having been committed, the liability is removed or mitigated, the new law shall be applied. Article 52 1. The enumeration in the Constitution of Chuvash Republic of the basic rights and freedoms should not be interpreted as a denial or derogation of other universally recognized human and civil rights and freedoms. 2. Human and civil rights and freedoms may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary to protect the fundamentals of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other people, and to ensure the defence of the country and security of the state. Article 53 1. Everyone shall be obliged to observe the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, federal laws and laws of Chuvash Republic, to respect the rights and freedoms of other persons, to carry out other obligations established by law. 2. Ignorance of an officially published normative legal act does not release from the liability for its non-observance. Article 54 Everyone shall be obliged to pay legally established taxes and dues. Laws establishing new taxes or deteriorating the position of taxpayers shall not have retroactive force. Article 55 Everyone shall have a duty to preserve nature and the environment and to treat natural resources with care. Article 56 1. Defence of the Fatherland shall be the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation. 2. A citizen of the Russian Federation shall perform military service according to federal law. 3. A citizen of the Russian Federation shall have the right to replace military service with alternative civil service in the event that his convictions or religious beliefs run counter it and in other cases established by federal law. Article 57 A citizen of the Russian Federation may exercise all his/ her rights and duties independently from the age of 18. Article 58 Laws of Chuvash Republic may establish additional, not established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, guarantees for exercising human and civil rights and freedoms at the expense of financial, material and other means of Chuvash Republic. Chapter 3. The Status of Chuvash Republic in the Structure of the Russian Federation Article 59 1. Chuvash Republic shall be a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. 2. The status of Chuvash Republic in the structure of the Russian Federation shall be determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic. 3. The status of Chuvash Republic may be changed only by mutual agreement between the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic according to federal constitutional law. Article 60 1. The territory of Chuvash Republic determined by the existing borders for the moment of adopting this Constitution shall be integral and indivisible. 2. The borders of Chuvash Republic may be changed upon mutual consent between the relevant constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the order established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law. 3. Chuvash Republic shall consist of the following districts: Ulatar (Alatyrskii), Elek (Alikovskii), Pataryel (Batyrevskii), Varnar (Vurnarskii), Yepres (Ibresinskii), Kanash (Kanashskii), Kuslavkka (Kozlovskii), Komsomolski (Komsomolskii), Krasnoarmeiski (Krasnoarmeiskii), Kherle Chutai (Krasnochetaiskii), Sentervarri (Mariinsko-Posadskii), Murkash (Morgaushskii), Parachkav (Poretskii), Varmar (Urmarskii), Serpu (Tsivilskii), Shupashkar (Cheboxarskii), Shamarsha (Shemurshinskii), Semerle (Shumerlinskii), Yeterne (Yadrinskii), Yelchek (Yalchikskii), Tavai (Yantikovskii); towns of republican significance: Ulatar (Alatyr), Kanash, Sene Shupashkar (Novocheboxarsk), Shupashkar (Cheboxary), Semerle (Shumerlya). 4. The issues of formation, combination, abolition of districts, towns, villages, as well as those of establishment and moving their administrative centres, other issues connected with the administrative-territorial system shall be solved by the National Council of Chuvash Republic on the basis of the conclusion of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic and taking into account the opinion of the population of relevant territories. Article 61 1. Chuvash Republic on its territory shall have absolute state power beyond the limits of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and powers of the Russian Federation in the subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic. 2. In joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic there are issues established by Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 3. The following shall be within jurisdiction of Chuvash Republic: 1) Adoption of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, making amendments and additions to it; 2) Adoption of laws and other normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic; 3) Establishment of the system of state power and local government bodies of Chuvash Republic; 4) Realization of socioeconomic policy of Chuvash Republic; 5) Adoption and execution of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic and approval of the report on its execution; 6) Establishment of taxes, dues, duty, payments, fines, except for federal ones; 7) Management and administration of state property of Chuvash Republic; 8) Organization and activity of state service of Chuvash Republic; 9) Establishment of the administrative-territorial structure of Chuvash Republic; 10) Establishment of the state awards and honorary titles of Chuvash Republic; 11) Realization of other powers established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic. 4. Laws and other normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic shall be adopted within the jurisdiction of Chuvash Republic. In the event of a conflict between a federal law and a normative legal act of Chuvash Republic adopted on the issues of jurisdiction of Chuvash Republic, the normative legal act of Chuvash Republic shall be in force. Article 62 1. The issues of the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic shall be solved on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, federal laws, normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic, agreements on delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers between state power bodies of the Russian Federation and state power bodies of Chuvash Republic. 2. Before adoption of the federal law on the issues referred to the subjects of joint jurisdiction, Chuvash Republic shall have the right to carry out its own legal regulation of such issues. After adoption of the relevant federal law, laws and other normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic shall be brought into conformity with the adopted federal law. Article 63 Chuvash Republic shall participate in solving the issues referred to the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and Chuvash Republic, within the limits and forms determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal legislation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, as well as by the agreements on delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers between state power bodies of the Russian Federation and state power bodies of Chuvash Republic. Article 64 According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation the federal bodies of executive power and the bodies of executive power of Chuvash Republic may under mutual agreement transfer realization of a part of their powers to each other, if it does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. Article 65 Disputes on issues of jurisdiction and powers between state power bodies of the Russian Federation and state power bodies of Chuvash Republic shall be solved according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law. Article 66 Chuvash Republic on behalf of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall have the right of legislative initiative in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Article 67 1. The state flag, coat of arms and anthem of Chuvash Republic, their description and the procedure for the official use thereof shall be established by law of Chuvash Republic. 2. The capital of Chuvash Republic shall be the city of Shupashkar (Cheboxary). Chapter 4. The President of Chuvash Republic Article 68* 1. The President of Chuvash Republic shall be the highest official and head of the executive power of Chuvash Republic. 2. The President of Chuvash Republic shall be the guarantor of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic. 3. The President of Chuvash Republic shall, in established order, take measures to protect human and civil rights and freedoms, he shall ensure the coordinated functioning and interaction of state power bodies of Chuvash Republic. 4. The President of Chuvash Republic shall determine the basic directions of state policy of Chuvash Republic, he shall ensure interaction of state power bodies of Chuvash Republic with federal state power bodies according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Constitution of Chuvash Republic, as well as agreements on delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers between state power bodies of the Russian Federation and state power bodies of Chuvash Republic. 5. The President of Chuvash Republic shall represent Chuvash Republic in the relations with federal state power bodies, state power bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and in realization of foreign economic and international relations. 6. The President of Chuvash Republic may not be a deputy of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, a deputy of a representative body of local government, he may not take other gainful occupation, be engaged in other paid activity, except for teaching, scientific and other creative activity, unless other activities are stipulated by legislation of the Russian Federation. 7. The personality of the President of Chuvash Republic shall be protected by law. Article 69 1. The President of Chuvash Republic shall be elected for a term of five years. 2. A citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 30 years having suffrage may be elected President of Chuvash Republic. 3. Restrictions on holding office of the President of Chuvash Republic shall be established only according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law. ____________ * Translated from Russian by Olga Volkova. Article 70 1. The President of Chuvash Republic shall be elected by citizens of the Russian Federation residing on the territory of Chuvash Republic, on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. 2. In the event of recognition of elections of the President of Chuvash Republic as not held, void or in the event when no candidate was elected, the President of Chuvash Republic continues to exercise his/ her duties. And the new elections of the President of Chuvash Republic shall be held in terms established by the federal acts and the laws of Chuvash Republic. 3. The procedure for elections and inauguration of the President of Chuvash Republic shall be determined by federal law and law of Chuvash Republic. Article 71 1. The president of Chuvash Republic shall begin exercising his/ her powers from the moment of taking the oath and shall cease his/ her activity after a newly elected President of Chuvash Republic takes the oath. 2. Upon accepting office the President of Chuvash Republic shall take the following oath: "I swear that in exercising the powers of the President of Chuvash Republic I shall sacredly observe the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, respect and ensure human and civil rights and freedoms, honorably discharge the high duties assigned to me by the people". Article 72 1. The President of Chuvash Republic shall: 1) form the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic; 2) appoint, with the consent of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, unless the President of Chuvash Republic combines his/ her office with the post of the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic; 3) appoint and dismiss deputy Chairmen of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, ministers and heads of other bodies of executive power of Chuvash Republic; 4) adopt a decision on the resignation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic; 5) form the Administration of the President of Chuvash Republic; 6) coordinate a candidate to the post of Public Prosecutor of Chuvash Republic; 7) suspend or cancel the operation of decisions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, acts of ministries and other bodies of executive power of Chuvash Republic; 8) have the right of legislative initiative in the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 9) nominate elections of the National Council of Chuvash Republic in case of its dissolution; 10) dissolve the National Council of Chuvash Republic in the cases and in accordance with the procedure provided for by federal law and the Constitution of Chuvash Republic; 11) address the National Council of Chuvash Republic with the budget message, message on the basic directions of state policy of Chuvash Republic and on performance of the programmes of socioeconomic development of Chuvash Republic approved by the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 12) bestow state awards of Chuvash Republic and confer honorary titles of Chuvash Republic; 13) have the right to use, when necessary, conciliatory procedures; 14) shall have the right to chair meetings of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic; 15) have the right to remove the persons nominated to the post by the President of Chuvash Republic in the cases and in accordance with the procedure provided for by legislation; 16) sign and promulgate the laws of Chuvash Republic or reject them; 17) have the right to demand convocation of an extraordinary session of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, as well as to convoke the newly elected National Council of Chuvash Republic to the first session before the term established by this Constitution; 18) have the right to participate in the sessions of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and its bodies with the right of deliberative vote or to authorize the persons for participation in the sessions of these bodies; 19) have the right to address the National Council of Chuvash Republic with an offer to make changes and additions to the decisions of the National Council of Chuvash Republic or to cancel them, as well as he shall have the right to appeal against these decisions in court; 20) approve half of the staff of the Central election commission of Chuvash Republic; 21) coordinate nominees to the post of justices of the peace; 22) coordinate nominees to the posts of chiefs of territorial federal bodies of executive power in the cases provided for by federal laws or other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation; 23) approve the general and reserve jury lists; 24) exercise other powers according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic. Article 73 1. The President of Chuvash Republic shall, on the basis and for the execution of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, normative legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws of Chuvash Republic, issue decrees and orders that are obligatory for execution on the entire territory of Chuvash Republic. 2. Decrees and orders of the President of Chuvash Republic must not be in conflict with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic. 3. Normative legal acts of the President of Chuvash Republic not later than 5 days shall be directed to the National Council of Chuvash Republic. Article 74 The President of Chuvash Republic shall cease to exercise his/ her powers before the end of his/ her term in the case of: 1) his/ her death; 2) his/ her resignation in connection with the vote of mistrust passed by the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 3) his/ her resignation at his/ her own will, according to his/ her written application to the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 4) being recognized by court as incapable or partially capable; 5) being recognized by court as obscurely absent or announced dead; 6) entering in force of a court sentence with regard to him/ her; 7) his/ her departure beyond the borders of the Russian Federation for permanent residence; 8) his/ her loss of the citizenship of the Russian Federation. Article 75 1. The National Council of Chuvash Republic may pass vote of mistrust to the President of Chuvash Republic in the cases of: 1) the edition by the President of Chuvash Republic of the acts contradicting the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic, if such contradictions are established by the relevant court, unless the President of Chuvash Republic removes these contradictions within one month from the date of coming into force of the court decision; 2) another gross violation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic resulting in mass violation of civil rights and freedoms, and if these violations are established by court. 2. The decision of the National Council of Chuvash Republic on mistrust to the President of Chuvash Republic must be adopted by not less than two-thirds of votes of the established number of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic on the initiative of not less than one third of the established number of deputies. 3. The decision of the National Council of Chuvash Republic on mistrust to the President of Chuvash Republic shall result in resignation of the President of Chuvash Republic and the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. Article 76 1. In case when the President of Chuvash Republic ceases to exercise his/ her powers before the end of his/ her term of office, the elections of the President of Chuvash Republic shall be held in terms established by the federal acts and the laws of Chuvash Republic. 2. In all cases, when the President of Chuvash Republic is unable to fulfil his/ her duties, they shall be temporarily delegated to the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. The acting President of Chuvash Republic shall not have the right to dissolve the National Council of Chuvash Republic, as well as to submit proposals for amendments and the revision of the provisions of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic. Chapter 5. The National Council of Chuvash Republic Article 77 1. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be the constantly working highest and the only legislative (representative) body of state power of Chuvash Republic. 2. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be elected for a term of five years. 3. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be competent, if not less than two-thirds of the number of deputies established by Article 78 of this Constitution are elected in its structure. 4. The fundamentals of organization and activity of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and its bodies, competence of sessions of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and its bodies shall be determined by federal law, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws of Chuvash Republic and procedural regulations of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. 5. To control implementation of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall set up the accounts chamber of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, its composition and work procedures shall be determined by law of Chuvash Republic. Article 78 1. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall consist of 44 deputies elected on the basis of universal equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. 2. The order of elections of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be established by federal law and law of Chuvash Republic. 3. The number of the deputies working in the National Council of Chuvash Republic on a professional permanent basis shall be established by the National Council of Chuvash Republic independently, but their number should not be more than 9. Article 79 1. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall convene its first session under the order of the Chairman of the National Council of Chuvash Republic of the previous convocation not later than fourteen days after election, if not less than two thirds of the established number of the deputies are available in its structure. 2. The president of Chuvash Republic shall have the right to demand convocation of an extraordinary session of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, as well as to convoke the newly elected National Council of Chuvash Republic for the first session before the term established by paragraph 1 of this Article. 3. From the moment that the National Council of Chuvash Republic of a new convocation begins to work, the powers of the National Council of Chuvash Republic of the previous convocation shall expire. 4. The first session of the National Council of Chuvash Republic of new convocation, before election of the Chairman of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, shall be opened and conducted by the oldest deputy of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. Article 80 1. The following shall be within the jurisdiction of the National Council of Chuvash Republic: 1) Adoption of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, making amendments and additions to it; 2) Adoption of laws of Chuvash Republic, decisions, making amendments and additions to them; 3) Interpretation of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic; 4) Establishment of the administrative-territorial system of Chuvash Republic and the procedure for its change; 5) Consideration of issues on change of borders of Chuvash Republic; 6) Approval of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic and report on its fulfillment; 7) Approval of the programmes for socioeconomic development of Chuvash Republic; 8) Announcement of elections of the President of Chuvash Republic; 9) Announcement of elections of deputies to the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 10) Approval of half of the staff of the Central election commission of Chuvash Republic; 11) Announcement of a referendum of Chuvash Republic; 12) Giving consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, unless the President of Chuvash Republic combines his/ her office with the post of the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic; 13) Passing vote of mistrust to the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic; 14) Coordination of a nominee of the Public Prosecutor of Chuvash Republic; 15) Appointment of justices of the peace of Chuvash Republic according to law of Chuvash Republic; 16) Election and dismissal of the Chairman of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and his/ her deputies; 17) Formation of committees of the National Council of Chuvash Republic for conducting a law-making work, preliminary consideration and preparation of draft decisions on the issues of jurisdiction of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, as well as for realization of control functions; 18) Definition and approval of the structure and staff of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and expenditures for ensuring its activity; 19) Realization of the right of legislative initiative in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; 20) Adoption of the decision on termination of powers of the President of Chuvash Republic, before his/ her term expires, in the cases stipulated by the Constitution of Chuvash Republic; 21) Approval of the conclusion and cancellation of agreements, according to which the obligations of Chuvash Republic are ensured at the expense of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic; 22) Establishment of the republican (regional) taxes and dues, as well as the procedure for their collection; 23) Institution of state awards and establishment of honorary titles of Chuvash Republic; 24) Establishment of the procedure for holding elections to local government bodies and definition of the procedure for activity of local government bodies within their competence; 25) Establishment of procedures for formation and activity of non-budgetary and foreign currency funds of Chuvash Republic, approval of reports on spending means of these funds; 26) Establishment of procedure for management and administration of the state property of Chuvash Republic, including portions (stocks, shares) of Chuvash Republic in the capitals of economic societies, companies and enterprises of other organizational-legal forms; 27) Approval of agreement on border changes of Chuvash Republic; 28) Control over observance and execution of laws of Chuvash Republic, over execution of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic, over observance of the established order for administration of the property of Chuvash Republic; 29) The right of address to the President of Chuvash Republic or the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic with a proposal on entering amendments and additions to legal acts of the President of Chuvash Republic, those of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic or on their cancellation, as well as to appeal against these acts in court or in the established order to address to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation with an inquiry on conformity of these normative legal acts to the Constitution of the Russian Federation; 30) Appointment of the chairman, the deputy chairman and auditors of the Accounts chamber of the National Council of Chuvash Republic; 31) Approval of the management scheme of Chuvash Republic, definition of the composition of the highest executive body of state power of Chuvash Republic upon submission by the President of Chuvash Republic; 32) Assignment of public representatives in the qualifying board of judges of Chuvash Republic; 33) Assignment of representatives in the qualifying commission at the Lawyer chamber of Chuvash Republic; 34) Realization of other powers established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, this Constitution and laws of Chuvash Republic. 2. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall adopt laws by a majority of votes of the established number of deputies, but the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, its amendments shall be adopted by a majority of not less than two-thirds of votes of the established number of deputies. 3. Decisions of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the number of elected deputies and not later than 5 days shall be directed to the President of Chuvash Republic. Article 81 1. The powers of the National Council of Chuvash Republic may be ceased before expiration of its term in the case of: 1) Adoption by the National Council of Chuvash Republic of the decision on self-dissolution; 2) Dissolution of the National Council of Chuvash Republic by the President of Chuvash Republic on the grounds stipulated by paragraph 2 of this Article; 3) Coming into force of the decision of the Supreme Court of Chuvash Republic on incompetence of this structure of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, the event of taking off the powers by deputies included. 2. The President of Chuvash Republic shall have the right to make a decision on termination of powers of the National Council of Chuvash Republic before expiration of its term in case of adoption by the National Council of Chuvash Republic of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and law of Chuvash Republic, other normative legal act coming into conflict with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws adopted on the issues of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the issues of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, if such conflicts are established by the relevant court, and the National Council of Chuvash Republic has not removed them within six months from the date of coming into force of the court decision. Article 82 1. The decision of the President of Chuvash Republic on termination of powers of the National Council of Chuvash Republic before expiration of its term shall be adopted in the form of a decree. 2. In case of termination of powers of the National Council of Chuvash Republic before expiration of its term, extraordinary elections to the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be announced. These elections shall be held in terms established by the federal acts and the laws of Chuvash Republic. Article 83 1. Chairman of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall: 1) Chair meetings of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and shall be in charge of its internal order; 2) Negotiate and sign agreements between legislative (representative) state power bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 3) Represent the National Council of Chuvash Republic in the republic and beyond its borders; 4) Submit to the National Council of Chuvash Republic a nominee for appointment to the post of the chairman of the Accounts chamber of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. 2. The chairman of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall be elected from among the deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic by a majority of votes from the established number of deputies for the term of powers of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. Article 84 1. Any citizen of the Russian Federation who is 21 years and has the right to participate in elections may be elected deputy of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. 2. A deputy of the National Council of Chuvash Republic within term of his/ her powers cannot be a deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, a judge, substitute for other public positions of the Russian Federation, public positions of the federal public service, public positions of Chuvash Republic, except for public positions in the National Council of Chuvash Republic, public positions of public service of Chuvash Republic, elective municipal positions, municipal positions of municipal service, as well as be a deputy of representative bodies of local government, if else is not stipulated by the federal act. 3. A deputy of the National Council of Chuvash Republic carrying out his/ her power on a professional permanent basis, may not take other gainful occupation, be engaged in other paid activities, except for teaching, scientific and other creative work, unless others are stipulated by legislation. 4. A deputy of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall have no right to use his/ her status for the activity not connected with realization of powers of a deputy. 5. Deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall enjoy immunity guaranteed by federal law during the whole term of their office. Article 85 1. The right of the legislative initiative in the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall belong to the President of Chuvash Republic, deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, committees of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, district and town representative bodies of local government. The right of legislative initiative shall also belong to the Supreme Court of Chuvash Republic, the Arbitration Court of Chuvash Republic, the Public Prosecutor of Chuvash Republic on issues within their competence. 2. Draft laws submitted to the National Council of Chuvash Republic by the President of Chuvash Republic shall be considered immediately on his/ her proposal. 3. Draft laws on the introduction or cancellation of taxes, on exemption from taxes, on changes in the financial obligations of Chuvash Republic, and other draft laws envisaging expenses to be covered from the republican budget of Chuvash Republic, shall be considered by the National Council of Chuvash Republic upon submission by the President of Chuvash Republic or when there is a conclusion of the President of Chuvash Republic. The President of Chuvash Republic shall submit the latter to the National Council of Chuvash Republic not later than one month from the date of receipt of the draft law. Article 86 1. An adopted law of Chuvash Republic shall be submitted within five days to the President of Chuvash Republic for signing and promulgation 2. The President of Chuvash Republic shall sign the law of Chuvash Republic and promulgate it within fourteen days of receiving it. 3. If the President of Chuvash Republic rejects the law within fourteen days of receiving it, the National Council of Chuvash Republic shall reconsider that law in the established order. If upon reconsideration the law is approved in the previously adopted wording by the majority of not less than two-thirds of votes of the established number of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic, it may not be rejected again by the President of Chuvash Republic, and the law must be signed within seven days of receiving it and promulgated. 4. The Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic shall come into force after their official publication. Laws and other normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic on protection of human and civil rights and freedoms shall come into force not earlier than in ten days after their official publication. Chapter 6. The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic Article 87 1. The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall be a constantly working higher executive body of state power of Chuvash Republic. 2. The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall ensure execution of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws and other normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic. 3. The chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall be appointed by the President of Chuvash Republic with the consent of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. Nomination for the chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall be submitted by the President of Chuvash Republic not later than 20 days after the newly-elected President of Chuvash Republic accepts his/ her office or after the resignation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. In the event that the National Council of Chuvash Republic rejects the candidate, the President of Chuvash Republic not later than in 15 days shall submit a new nominee for co-ordination to the National Council of Chuvash Republic. The National Council of Chuvash Republic shall consider the nominee submitted by the President of Chuvash Republic within 14 days. 4. The chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws of Chuvash Republic, decrees of the President of Chuvash Republic shall determine the directions of activity of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic and shall organize its work. 5. The chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic or the persons authorized by him shall have the right to be present at the sessions of the National Council of Chuvash Republic and its bodies with the right of deliberative vote. Article 88 1. The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall: 1) develop and carry out measures on ensuring complex socioeconomic development of Chuvash Republic; 2) ensure the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of finance, science, education, culture, public health, physical culture and sports, social security, ecology and use of nature within the limits of its powers; 3) carry out within the limits of its powers measures on ensuring and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, protection of the property and public order, struggle against crime; 4) develop for submission by the President of Chuvash Republic to the National Council of Chuvash Republic the draft republican budget of Chuvash Republic, draft programmes for socioeconomic development of Chuvash Republic; 5) ensure implementation of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic, shall submit to the President of Chuvash Republic for introduction to the National Council of Chuvash Republic a report on implementation of the republican budget of Chuvash Republic and reports on implementation of the programmes for socioeconomic development of Chuvash Republic; 6) carry out the administration and shall dispose of the state property of Chuvash Republic according to laws of Chuvash Republic, also shall carry out the administration of the federal property transferred to Chuvash Republic for administration according to federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation; 7) give, on behalf of the President of Chuvash Republic, conclusions on the draft laws of Chuvash Republic on introduction or cancellation of taxes, on exemption from paying taxes, on issue of state loans, on changes of the financial obligations of Chuvash Republic and on other draft laws envisaging expenses to be covered from the republican budget of Chuvash Republic; 8) conclude, according to federal law, agreements with federal bodies of executive power on delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction and powers, as well as agreements on mutual transfer of implementation of a part of its powers; 9) have the right to offer a body of local government, an elected or other official of local government to bring in conformity with the legislation of the Russian Federation legal acts issued by them, in case these acts come in conflict with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws and other normative legal acts of Chuvash Republic, and also shall have the right to appeal against these acts in court; 10) exercise other functions entrusted to it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws of Chuvash Republic, decrees of the President of Chuvash Republic, as well as agreements with federal bodies of executive power concluded according to Article 78 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 2. The fundamentals of organization and activity of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic according to this Constitution shall be determined by law of Chuvash Republic. Article 89 1. On the basis of federal laws, normative legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, laws of Chuvash Republic, decrees and orders of the President of Chuvash Republic, the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall issue decisions and orders. 2. Decisions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall be binding on the whole territory of Chuvash Republic. 3. Decisions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic must not be in conflict with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of Chuvash Republic, laws of Chuvash Republic, decrees and orders of the President of Chuvash Republic. 4. Decisions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic may be cancelled by the President of Chuvash Republic. 5. Normative legal acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic not later than 5 days after their adoption shall be submitted to the National Council of Chuvash Republic. Article 90 The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic within the limits of its competence shall have the right to suspend or to cancel the action of the acts of ministries and other bodies of executive power of Chuvash Republic, and also shall have the right to offer to a body of local government, an elected or other official of local government to bring in conformity with the federal legislation and laws of Chuvash Republic the legal acts issued by them, in case they contradict them, and also shall have the right to appeal to court. Article 91 1. The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall resign after expiry of the term of powers of the President of Chuvash Republic. 2. The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic may offer its resignation, which shall be either accepted or rejected by the President of Chuvash Republic. 3. The President of Chuvash Republic may decide on resignation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. 4. The National Council of Chuvash Republic may pass vote of mistrust to the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. 5. A resolution on the vote of mistrust to the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic shall be adopted by the majority of votes from the established number of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. 6. After the National Council of Chuvash Republic has passed vote of mistrust to the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, the President of Chuvash Republic shall have the right either to dismiss the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, or to reject the decision of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. In case the National Council of Chuvash Republic passes vote of mistrust to the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic again within three months, the President of Chuvash Republic dismisses the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic from the post. Such a decision of the President of Chuvash Republic shall result in the resignation of the whole Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. 7. In case of the resignation the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic, it shall continue to work until the President of Chuvash Republic forms a new Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. Chapter 7. Judicial Branch in Chuvash Republic Article 92 1. Justice in Chuvash Republic shall be administered only by court. 2. Legal proceedings and office-work in courts of general jurisdiction shall be conducted in Russian or in the Chuvash and Russian languages. In the Arbitration court of Chuvash Republic they shall be conducted in Russian. Article 93 1. The judicial system in Chuvash Republic shall be established according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal constitutional law. Justices of the peace shall be appointed according to the law of Chuvash Republic. 2. Judges shall be independent and shall be subordinate only to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and to law. Article 94 The organization, powers, order of formation and activity of federal courts shall be determined by the federal constitutional law, and concerning the justices of the peace - also by the Constitution of Chuvash Republic and laws of Chuvash Republic within the limits of powers of Chuvash Republic. Article 95 1. The office of the public prosecutor of Chuvash Republic shall carry out supervision of observance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and execution of laws, shall carry out other functions established by federal laws. 2. The public prosecutor of Chuvash Republic shall be appointed to the post by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation in co-ordination with the President of Chuvash Republic and the National Council of Chuvash Republic. 3. Public prosecutors of districts and towns shall be appointed to the post and shall be dismissed from the post by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation. Chapter 8. Local Government Article 96 1. Local government shall be recognized and guaranteed on the territory of Chuvash Republic. 2. Local government shall be exercised by citizens by means of referendum, elections and other forms of direct expression of their will, and through elected bodies and officials of local government. 3. Local government bodies shall not be included into the system of state power bodies of Chuvash Republic. 4. Changes of borders of a municipal formation shall be permitted with due consideration of the opinion of the population of the relevant territories. Article 97 Local government shall provide, according to federal law and law of Chuvash Republic, for the independent resolution by the population of issues of local significance with due consideration of historical and other local peculiarities and traditions. Article 98 The powers, organization and order of activity of local government bodies and their officials shall be determined by federal law and by law of Chuvash Republic. Article 99 1. Local government bodies shall independently manage the municipal property, form, approve and execute the local budget, introduce local taxes and dues, protect the public order, and solve other issues of local significance. 2. Local government bodies may be vested by law of Chuvash Republic with certain state powers and accordingly receive material and financial resources that are necessary for their implementation. State power bodies of Chuvash Republic shall control the implementation of the vested powers. Article 100 Local government in Chuvash Republic shall be guaranteed by the right to legal protection, to reimbursement of additional expenses arising as a result of decisions adopted by state power bodies of Chuvash Republic, and by a ban on restriction of the rights of local government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. Chapter 9. Constitutional Changes and Additions Article 101 1. Proposals on changes and additions of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic may be submitted to the National Council of Chuvash Republic by the President of Chuvash Republic, by a group of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic making not less than one third of the established number of deputies. 2. Changes or additions of the Constitution of Chuvash Republic shall be brought in by law of Chuvash Republic adopted by the National Council of Chuvash Republic by not less than two thirds of votes of the established number of deputies of the National Council of Chuvash Republic. Chapter 10. Concluding and Interim Provisions Article 102 The Constitution of Chuvash Republic shall come into force by law of Chuvash Republic. After this Constitution has come into force, simultaneously the Constitution (Fundamental law) of Chuvash Republic adopted on May 31, 1978 with the subsequent changes and additions, shall cease to have effect. Article 103 Laws and other legal acts of Chuvash Republic, which were in force before this Constitution comes into force, shall be applied, if they do not conflict with the Constitution of Chuvash Republic. Article 104 The President of Chuvash Republic and the National Council of Chuvash Republic elected according to the Constitution (Fundamental law) of Chuvash Republic shall, from the day that this Constitution comes into force, exercise the powers established by it until expiration of the term of office for which they were elected. Article 105 The Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic from the day that this Constitution comes into force shall acquire the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic – the Government of Chuvash Republic established by the Constitution (Fundamental law) of Chuvash Republic, and shall hereafter be called the Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvash Republic. © Translated from Chuvash and Russian by Luiza Mikhailova and Vladimir Shashkov. |
